-
1 Heinkel, Ernst
[br]b. 24 January 1888 Grünbach, Remstal, Germanyd. 30 January 1958 Stuttgart, Germany[br]German aeroplane designer who was responsible for the first jet aeroplane to fly.[br]The son of a coppersmith, as a young man Ernst Heinkel was much affected by seeing the Zeppelin LZ 4 crash and burn out at Echterdringen, near Stuttgart. After studying engineering, in 1910 he designed his first aeroplane, but it crashed; he was more successful the following year when he made a flight in it, with an engine on hire from the Daimler company. After a period working for a firm near Munich and for LVG at Johannisthal, near Berlin, he moved to the Albatros Company of Berlin with a monthly salary of 425 marks. In May 1913 he moved to Lake Constance to work on the design of sea-planes and in May 1914 he moved again, this time to the Brandenburg Company, where he remained as a designer until 1922, when he founded his own company, Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. Following the First World War, German companies were not allowed to build military aircraft, which was frustrating for Heinkel whose main interest was high-speed aircraft. His sleek He 70 airliner, built for Lufthansa, was designed to carry four passengers at high speeds: indeed it broke many records in 1933. Lufthansa decided it needed a larger version capable of carrying ten passengers, so Heinkel produced his most famous aeroplane, the He 111. Although it was designed as a twin-engined airliner on the surface, secretly Heinkel was producing a bomber. The airliner version first flew on Lufthansa routes in 1936, and by 1939 almost 1,000 bombers were in service with the Luftwaffe. A larger four-engined bomber, the He 177, ran into development problems and it did not see service until late in the Second World War. Heinkel's quest for speed led to the He 176 rocket-powered research aeroplane which flew on 20 June 1939, but Hitler and Goering were not impressed. The He 178, with Dr Hans von Ohain's jet engine, made its historic first flight a few weeks later on 27 August 1939; this was almost two years before the maiden flight in Britain of the Gloster E 28/39, powered by Whittle's jet engine. This project was a private venture by Heinkel and was carried out in great secrecy, so the world's first jet aircraft went almost unnoticed. Heinkel's jet fighters, the He 280 and the He 162, were never fully operational. After the war, Heinkel in 1950 set up a new company which made bicycles, motor cycles and "bubble" cars.[br]Bibliography1956, He 1000, trans. M.Savill, London: Hutchinson (the English edition of his autobiography).Further ReadingJ.Stroud, 1966, European Transport Aircraft since 1910, London.Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II, London: Jane's; reprinted 1989.P. St J.Turner, 1970, Heinkel: An Aircraft Album, London.H.J.Nowarra, 1975, Heinkel und seine Flugzeuge, Munich (a comprehensive record of his aircraft).JDS / IMcN -
2 Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
сущ.Универсальный немецко-русский словарь > Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
-
3 Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
Av. EHFУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
-
4 Aerospace
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Caproni, Giovanni BattistaDassault, MarcelGiffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesJohnson, Clarence LeonardKorolov, Sergei PavlovichSopwith, Sir Thomas Octave MurdochTsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich -
5 Caproni, Giovanni Battista (Gianni), Conte di Taliedo
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 3 June 1886 Massone, Italyd. 29 October 1957 Rome, Italy[br]Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer, well known for his early large-aircraft designs.[br]Gianni Caproni studied civil and electrical engineering in Munich and Liège before moving on to Paris, where he developed an interest in aeronautics. He built his first aircraft in 1910, a biplane with a tricycle undercarriage (which has been claimed as the world's first tricycle undercarriage). Caproni and his brother, Dr Fred Caproni, set up a factory at Malpensa in northern Italy and produced a series of monoplanes and biplanes. In 1913 Caproni astounded the aviation world with his Ca 30 three-engined biplane bomber. There followed many variations, of which the most significant were the Ca 32 of 1915, the first large bomber to enter service in significant numbers, and the Ca 42 triplane of 1917 with a wing span of almost 30 metres.After the First World War, Caproni designed an even larger aircraft with three pairs of triplane wings (i.e. nine wings each of 30 metres span) and eight engines. This Ca 60 flying boat was designed to carry 100 passengers. In 1921 it made one short flight lightly loaded; however, with a load of sandbags representing sixty passengers, it crashed soon after take-off. The project was abandoned but Caproni's company prospered and expanded to become one of the largest groups of companies in Italy. In the 1930s Caproni aircraft twice broke the world altitude record. Several Caproni types were in service when Italy entered the Second World War, and an unusual research aircraft was under development. The Caproni-Campini No. 1 (CC2) was a jet, but it did not have a gas-turbine engine. Dr Campini's engine used a piston engine to drive a compressor which forced air out through a nozzle, and by burning fuel in this airstream a jet was produced. It flew with limited success in August 1940, amid much publicity: the first German jet (1939) and the first British jet (1941) were both flown in secret. Caproni retained many of his early aircraft for his private museum, including some salvaged parts from his monstrous flying boat.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Conte di Taliedo 1940.Further ReadingDizionario biografico degli Italiani, 1976, Vol. XIX.The Caproni Museum has published two books on the Caproni aeroplanes: Gli Aeroplani Caproni -1909–1935 and Gli Aeroplani Caproni dal 1935 in poi. See also Jane'sfighting Aircraft of World War 1; 1919, republished 1990.JDSBiographical history of technology > Caproni, Giovanni Battista (Gianni), Conte di Taliedo
-
6 Weapons and armour
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeCtesibius of AlexandriaZeng Gonglian -
7 Ohain, Hans Joachim Pabst von
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 14 December 1911 Dessau, Germany[br]German engineer who designed the first jet engine to power an aeroplane successfully.[br]Von Ohain studied engineering at the University of Göttingen, where he carried out research on gas-turbine engines, and centrifugal compressors in particular. In 1935 he patented a design for a jet engine (in Britain, Frank Whittle patented his jet-engine design in 1930). Von Ohain was recruited by the Heinkel company in 1936 to develop an engine for a jet aircraft. Ernst Heinkel was impressed by von Ohain's ideas and gave the project a high priority. The first engine was bench tested in September 1937. A more powerful version was developed and tested in air, suspended beneath a Heinkel dive-bomber, during the spring of 1939. A new airframe was designed to house the revolutionary power plant and designated the Heinkel He 178. A short flight was made on 24 August 1939 and the first recognized flight on 27 August. This important achievement received only a lukewarm response from the German authorities. Von Ohain's turbojet engine had a centrifugal compressor and developed a thrust of 380 kg (837 lb). An improved, more powerful, engine was developed and installed in a new twin-engined fighter design, the He 280. This flew on 2 April 1941 but never progressed beyond the prototype stage. By this time two other German companies, BMW and Junkers, were constructing successful turbojets with axial compressors: luckily for the Allies, Hitler was reluctant to pour his hard-pressed resources into this new breed of jet fighters. After the war, von Ohain emigrated to the United States and worked for the Air Force there.[br]Bibliography1929, "The evolution and future of aeropropulsion system", The Jet Age. 40 Years of Jet Aviation, Washington, DC: National Air \& Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.Further ReadingVon Ohain's work is described in many books covering the history of aviation, and aero engines in particular, for example: R.Schlaifer and S.D.Heron, 1950, Development of Aircraft Engines and fuels, Boston. G.G.Smith, 1955, Gas Turbines and Jet Propulsion.Grover Heiman, 1963, Jet Pioneers.JDSBiographical history of technology > Ohain, Hans Joachim Pabst von
-
8 EHF
1) авиа. Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke2) радио. extrem hohe Frequenzen -
9 EHf
1) авиа. Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke2) радио. extrem hohe Frequenzen -
10 самолётостроительная фирма Эрнст Хейнкель
Универсальный русско-немецкий словарь > самолётостроительная фирма Эрнст Хейнкель
См. также в других словарях:
Heinkel, Ernst Heinrich — ▪ German aeronautical engineer born Jan. 24, 1888, Grunbach, Ger. died Jan. 30, 1958, Stuttgart, W.Ger. German designer and builder of the first rocket powered aircraft shortly before the outbreak of World War II. Heinkel s first plane,… … Universalium
Ernst Heinrich Heinkel — Ernst Heinkel Ernst (Heinrich) Heinkel (* 24. Januar 1888 in Grunbach; † 30. Januar 1958 in Stuttgart) war ein deutscher Ingenieur. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 1908 bis 1911 – Der Beg … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ernst Heinkel — (* 24. Januar 1888 in Grunbach; † 30. Januar 1958 in Stuttgart; vollständiger Name: Ernst Heinrich Heinkel) war ein deutscher Ingenieur und Flugzeug Konstrukteur … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ernst Heinkel — Ernst Heinrich Heinkel Ernst Heinkel en 1942 … Wikipédia en Français
Ernst Heinkel — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Ernst Heinkel Ernst Heinrich Heinkel ( *Grünbach Alemania 24 de enero de 1888 – †Stuttgart Alemania 30 de enero de 1958) fue un diseñador y fabricante de aviones … Wikipedia Español
Heinkel He 113 — Heinkel He 100 Typ … Deutsch Wikipedia
Heinkel — Heinkel, Ernst Heinrich, Flugzeugbauer, * Grunbach (heute zu Remshalden) 24. 1. 1888, ✝ Stuttgart 30. 1. 1958; war ab 1911 Konstrukteur bei verschiedenen Flugzeugfirmen. Heinkel gründete 1922 die Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Warnemünde, die… … Universal-Lexikon
Heinkel — Die Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke A.G. war eine der größten deutschen Flugzeugbauunternehmen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Entwicklungen 3 Siehe auch 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ernst Heinrich Heinkel — Michael Adams Ernst Heinkel en 1942 Naissance 24 janvier 1888 … Wikipédia en Français
Heinkel He 100 — refimprove|date=January 2008infobox Aircraft name = He 100 type = Fighter manufacturer = Heinkel caption = Rare wartime image used for propaganda purposes designer = Walter Günter, Siegfried Günter first flight = 22 January 1938 introduced =… … Wikipedia
Heinkel He 112 — infobox Aircraft name = He 112 type = Fighter manufacturer = Heinkel caption = designer =Günter brothers first flight =September 1935 introduction = retired = status = primary user =Luftwaffe more users =Imperial Japanese Navy Spanish Air Force… … Wikipedia
